record F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). osta Panamanian vaimo Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k < l>
2nd, i level ining how the odds of hukou intermarriage transform with for each spouse’s studies (Gullickson and Torche, 2014), and in addition we then glance at type within the markets exchange among them towns and cities.
diary F cijkl = Picture dos + ? p = step one dos ? p u pij + ? q = step one dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step one dos ? p you pij + ? c ? q = step one 2 ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Descriptive Abilities
Descriptive leads to Table step 1 show hukou locality pairings from spouses of the town. Inside Shanghai, regarding the 47% off micro-census had been developed ranging from a few migrants; inside the Shenzhen, you to definitely percentage is more than 70%. On 38% out-of marriage ceremonies involved a few local spouses inside the Shanghai, whereas 15% out of marriages got one or two regional partners for the Shenzhen. Clearly, individuals tended to marry in their hukou standing group in both urban centers. In metropolises, marriage ceremonies between a district husband and an effective migrant partner was much probably be than marriage ceremonies between a good migrant husband and you can a community spouse to occur (13% against. 3% in Shanghai and you may 11% against. 4% in the Shenzhen). The portion of hukou area homogamy is similar in the a couple of cities. But really, you want to interpret the outcomes with warning, once the share from migrants is different in these several locations. The fresh new relative size of migrants and residents produces architectural marital solutions for individuals to get prospective partners and eventually ). Log-linear research allows us to evaluate the level of hukou homogamy, web of your compositional outcomes, of the controlling getting limited withdrawals of hukou position.
Table step one.
We earliest establish the fresh distributions out of education attainment having migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you may local wives in the per urban area, correspondingly, from inside the Contour step one . Normally, migrants try quicker experienced than natives, no matter gender, in both Shanghai and you will Shenzhen. Certainly one of migrants, guys are ideal knowledgeable than just ladies in both Shanghai and you can Shenzhen. Alternatively, among locals, the latest gender pit into the degree is actually often quick or even corrected: local men typically are just somewhat greatest educated than the feminine counterparts in Shenzhen, and regional female an average of be educated than just their men equivalents during the Shanghai. Log-linear designs handle towards the education inequalities ranging from men and you may ranging from neighbors and you can migrants to recapture this new relationships anywhere between spouses’ education and ranging from educational and hukou locality assortative mating, websites of the marginal distributions regarding spouses’ attributes.